ALTIANT Global Luxury AND ASSET MANAGEMENT (GLAM) MONITOR
Q3 2024 RELEASE
I
Q3 2024 RELEASE I
Quarterly GLAM Monitor: Q3 2024
Release date: November 2024
Lars Long - Founder & CEO, Altiant
Welcome to the newest edition of Altiant’s Global Luxury and Asset Management (GLAM) Monitor. The monitor focuses on the behaviours and sentiments of our panel of validated global affluent/High Net Worth Individuals.
GLAM has now passed five years of data collection, during which time we have conducted almost 12,000 interviews to construct a comprehensive and evolving view of luxury sentiment and behaviour. The 5+ years of study so far clearly show the significant change and disruption which the world has seen in that period. We hope that the future findings continue to assist your business strategies and decisions in the years ahead.
Hard-hit categories such as retail and travel and are now broadly in line, or even exceeding, pre-pandemic norms. However, global issues such as the energy and climate crises, international conflicts and inflation remain significant and continue to impact affluent sentiment. The recent general elections in the UK, US and France are likely to have a notable impact on these results in the coming quarters.
All the data is available within Tableau so that you can reformulate the results according to your own preferences. Age, gender, region and household income filters will enable you to interact with the data and cut it in different ways to identify key differences and trends.
We welcome the free and fair use of our data to meet your individual and business objectives, only asking that you clearly link your readers to the source of the data whenever applicable. As we publish additional iterations, trends will continue to strengthen, enabling you to further enhance your understanding of global luxury consumers. In the event you have any questions about the data, please contact us at glam@altiant.com.
Altiant Founder and CEO, Lars Long
INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH
All data presented in this GLAM monitor has been sourced from Altiant’s manually validated in-house panel of Affluent and High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs), Luxury Opinions©. This iteration reports on Q2 2024 but will also include trended data from the trackers’ previous quarters. For any additional questions about this research, please contact glam@altiant.com.
METHODOLOGY
For the methodology, we have continued to survey different members of our global panel whenever possible. All respondents can only answer the survey once a year at most. 478 affluent/HNWIs were surveyed between July and September 2024, with 169 in Europe, 154 in North America and 155 in Asia Pacific. 23% of this quarter’s sample was aged 18-39, with 77% aged over 40. The sample was split 56:44 in terms of gender M:F. Since starting the tracker in Q3 2018, we have now conducted 11,800 interviews in total, 36% of which were among aged 18-39s (64% over-40) and with a gender split of 50:50.
MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND INVESTIBLE ASSETS
Normalised to $US, the median household income (HHI) in this quarter was $320k, while the median investible assets stood at almost $1.2m (exchange rates as per 30th September 2024). This brought the median HHI across all 5+ years’ of study so far to just over $263k, while the Investible Assets median stood at $930,000.
wealth acquisition: the new categories
As of Q3 2024, we have introduced a new question asking for the respondents’ best description about how they had acquired their wealth so far. The five categories are:
Legacy wealth: Wealthy upbringing/financial support and with an inheritance
Head start: Wealthy upbringing/financial support with no inheritance
Upwardly mobile: Middle-class or poor upbringing with financial support and an inheritance
Inheritor: Middle-class or poor upbringing with an inheritance but no financial support
Self-made: Middle-class or poor upbringing without an inheritance or financial support
Overall, 10% defined themselves as coming from Legacy wealth, while 15% fell into the Head start category, the latter rising to 37% in China. Another 20% said they were Upwardly mobile, while only 6% defined themselves as an Inheritor. By far the largest share fell into the Self-made category at 49%, albeit standing at only 17% among the Chinese response
GLAM 5-YEAR
As we release this quarter's findings, we also celebrate a significant achievement: The GLAM Monitor has now surpassed five years of continuous and detailed data collection, marking a sustained contribution to thought leadership in luxury and asset management research. DISCOVER THE REPORT AND MAIN INSIGHT
STUDIED POPULATIOn
KEY QUARTERLY CHANGES
Travel is buoyant, with more than two-thirds (69%) saying that they took multiple trips within the past year, the highest point of the tracker by almost five percentage points.
More than half (56%) shopped in a duty-free store within the past year, the highest point since this metric was introduced in Q4 2021.
While 22% have been to a wellness retreat within the past year, 27% plan to do so over the next year
The share of respondents who felt that the financial system was either very or somewhat stable fell back to just 20% in Q3.
Only 28% think that the use of AI programs are sustainable/environmentally friendly, with half believing they are not very/at all green. Nevertheless, 43% are already using these programs.
LUXURY PURCHASES
PAST LUXURY PURCHASES (Past 12 Months)
“In which of the following categories have you purchased a luxury brand or service within the past year?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantBefore 2020, travel numbers saw little quarterly variation in our tracker. However, the tourism industry was one of the worst-hit by the Covid pandemic, with regional outbreaks and lockdowns leading to an uneven recovery. Relatively few travellers are now cautious about taking holidays, with travel having returned to pre-pandemic levels.
From 70% in Q1 2022, the share of wealthy individuals saying that they had taken a luxury holiday steadily rose thereafter, stabilising in the mid-high 80% in 2024 (87% in Q3). More than two thirds (69%) say that they took multiple trips within the past year, the highest point of the tracker by almost five percentage points. Tourism is now firmly back at the top of the list for categories’ purchasing penetration and comfortably ahead of designer fashion, alcohol and electronics.
Wealth management services, and leather goods have also remained popular and purchased by around 75% within the past year. Purchases of leather goods and alcohol see a clear skew towards women, while men are more likely to buy watches and use wealth management services. Luxury automotive (44%) and art and collectibles (41%) remain the least likely categories to have been purchased within the past year.
Three new categories were introduced in Q3 2024: high-end audio, luxury cosmetics and fragrances. Within the past year, 45% said they had purchased a luxury audio product such as speakers, with 15% making more than one purchase. Around 70% purchased luxury cosmetics and fragrances, with around half doing so more than once.
Luxury Purchase Intent (Next 12 Months)
“Do you expect to spend more or less in the next 12 months, compared to the last 12 months?” - Active buyers, past 12m
Total filtered Base (active buyers) of 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantAutomotive remains the category which active buyers expect to cut back on most in the year ahead, with 37%anticipating this, and only 23% planning to spend more. Elsewhere, planned purchasing trends for 2024 continue to look positive. Apart from art and collectibles and watches (21% and 22% respectively), no other category has more than a fifth of its users expecting to spend less in the year ahead. ‘Revenge spending’ is evident in various categories, with travel being one of the main beneficiaries. With many having already slashed their holiday spend across 2020-23, only 6% expect to spend less on travel in 2024/25, while 47% expect to spend more.
Wealth management also appears to be well-placed. Some 46% expect to use wealth managers more in the year ahead, indicating a need to plan financially for unforeseen events such as pandemics, political change or to hedge against inflation. Many of the other categories are now showing a comfortably higher share of buyers who plan to spend more in the coming year than they did in the preceding 12 months. Designer fashion, art & collectibles, consumer electronics, watches, alcohol, fragrances/cosmetics and leather goods are all well-set to appeal to many, with around one quarter expecting to spend more in these categories.
“You mentioned that you have not purchased luxury items from the following categories within the last year/Do you think you will make purchases in any of these categories within the next year?”
Art and collectibles remain the most likely category to not entice new customers over the next year; 86% of non-users do not expect to begin doing so over the next 12 months. However, around three quarters do not plan to become active buyers in most of the other categories. Travel may see further benefits from new or returning customers, with 38% of last year’s non-travellers planning to take a trip in the coming 12 months.
PURCHASE CHANNELS
“Within the past 12 months, how have you purchased luxury brands or services?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantShopper confidence has now fully returned post-pandemic. However, some affluent consumers may continue to favour the convenience of online shopping. Prior to Covid-19, the share of consumers buying luxury goods/services in a physical store hovered around the 85% mark. This fell as low as 67% in Q2 2021 and while there were some fluctuations across 2022 and early 2023, it has stabilised around the 80% mark since (82% in Q3 2024).
The past two years have also seen a notable uplift in online luxury shopping, but this too saw some fluctuation over the past year. Two-thirds (63%) said that they had purchased luxury goods or services via their computer/laptop, rising to 84% of Americans. Meanwhile, almost half (49%) bought luxury goods via their mobile phone, while 17% did so using a tablet. Men and over-40s comfortably remain the least likely to have shopped via their mobile. It remains important for brands to continue delivering user-friendly websites, particularly for smaller screens, as the popularity of online shopping remains robust.
SOCIAL MEDIA INTERACTIONS
“Have you participated in any of the following activities in relation to luxury brands and services on social media in the past 3 months?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantIn line with online retail prospering, social media has also become more important for many luxury brands. Almost half of the Q3 sample said that they had followed a brand (46%) and/or liked or recommended a brand to family, friends or colleagues (45%) within the past three months, both figures broadly level vs the previous quarters. In both cases, women and under-40s continue to be the most likely to do so. Elsewhere, one in five made purchases via social media(20%) or sent a private message to a brand (16%), with under-40s again most likely to do so.
Many brands are allotting parts of their marketing budgets to social media influencers. With 23% of wealthy individuals saying that they had followed influencers within the past three months, this can be a lucrative option if well-chosen partners are utilised. Over-40s, men, Europeans and Asians are the least likely groups to do so at under one in five. Finally, (34%) reported that they made none of these social media interactions within the past three months.
LUXURY & SUSTAINABILITY
Attitudinal Statements
“Which of the following statements about luxury do you agree with?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantThe Covid-19 pandemic led to many affluent/HNWIs reassessing their purchases of luxury goods, often instead preferring to spend their money on luxury experiences: two in five (42%) say that they prefer luxury experiences over goods/products. As seen in Section 1, travel has now returned to pre-2020 levels, and sustainable/ethical travel will be important in this recovery: 30% say that they will prioritise responsible travel in the future. Meanwhile, 12% say that they have reconsidered their recent travel plans due to climate changes such as heatwaves and wildfires.
In a similarly green vein, many people are opting to rent items rather than buy them, particularly in categories such as fashion and jewellery. Sustainability and tapping into the circular economy are at the heart of this growth, although that only 7% are interested in renting clothes indicates that this growth is likely to be gradual. Meanwhile, 22% say are interested in buying second-hand clothes, though this figure lags behind in Asia where still only 17% are receptive.
Increasing numbers of wealthy individuals are also gravitating towards brands which have a genuine sustainable ethos and positioning. Almost half (45%) are interested in buying sustainable products such as electric cars or organic clothing. A slightly higher share (50%) are also now concerned about the climate crisis and the geopolitical stability in the world (58%), while 40% are trying to reduce their personal carbon footprint in everyday life. Meanwhile, 23%have reduced or eliminated their consumption of meat, rising to 34% in Europe but standing at just 12% in Asia.
“How sustainable/environmentally-friendly do you think the following are? / And which of these do you currently do?
Total Unfiltered Base: 5,803 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantThe ongoing climate crisis means that many wealthy individuals are now scrutinising their own actions and how they are contributing to, or alleviating, this issue. Perceived green credentials can be highly influential, and the growth of the rental and second-hand market has been built around the circular economy.
While some studies have questioned the legitimacy of these claims, consumer perception is key. This appears to be broadly positive as over half (57%) think that renting goods is either somewhat or very environmentally friendly, rising to 67% for buying goods second hand. Some 40% say that they are already buying goods second-hand, while only one in five (5%) are currently renting them.
Another significant behavioural change is the increasing need to find alternative fuels for driving. The growth of electric and hybrid cars has been broadly positive, albeit with some ongoing concerns about the convenience of charging and battery reliability (‘range anxiety’). Nevertheless, 28% think that these cars are very environmentally friendly, with another 28% thinking they are somewhat so. Two in five (44%) have already made the switch to electric or hybrid cars, with uptake likely to rise in the coming years as the technology of these cars continues to improve and BEVs are phased out.
There are also growing energy demands coming from the use of AI programs, a new metric introduced to the tracker from Q3 2024. Overall, only 28% think that these are sustainable or environmentally friendly, with half believing they are not very/at all green. Over-40s and Europeans are the most likely to have a negative impression of AI from a sustainability perspective. Nevertheless, 43% of the sample say that they are already using such programs, rising to 60% among under-40s and 62% among APAC respondents.
Many wealthy individuals are also making sustainable changes at home, for example by investing in solar panels or heat pumps. Almost three-quarters (73%) believe that these actions are very or somewhat environmentally friendly, with broadly high response across the demographics. Almost half (46%) of the Q3 sample have already taken some of these steps, reaching 54% for Millennials.
The Importance of Sustainability
“How important is it to you that luxury brands commit to adopting policies that promote environmental protection, social responsibility and ethical behaviour (sustainable luxury)?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 6,443 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantWhile Covid-19 temporarily shifted some individuals’ immediate focus away from the ongoing climate crisis, this remains one of the most pressing issues globally. 2023 was the warmest year on record and saw several climate-related disasters, with 2024 likely to break records again. This has led to many becoming increasingly demanding of brands to acknowledge and act alongside them in alleviating climate concerns, for example via recyclable materials or carbon offsetting.
Individuals are also becoming more aware of ‘greenwashing’ and discerning about brands which make sustainable claims. More than two-thirds (68%) say that it is very or somewhat important to them for brands to do this. Only 13%now say that it is not very, or not at all important to them for brands to focus on sustainability, showing the importance of this issue for consumers.
Trading up for Sustainability
“Would you be prepared to pay more for a product which positions itself as sustainable luxury?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantDespite some muted responses to brands’ sustainability efforts, many affluent consumers are seemingly prepared to back up their views about environmental protection and sustainability with their money. Only 24% of the Q3 sample are entirely unprepared to spend any more for sustainable/ethical luxury products. Overall, 47% are prepared to spend up to 10% more, which could be a sweet spot for brands to justify a small price premium.
The remaining 29% are prepared to spend more than 10% extra for sustainable/ethical luxury products, with 5% even being prepared to spend more than 25% extra. Trading up for sustainable goods resonates with under-40s more than over-40s overall, especially for the 10-25% extra spending bracket.
Sustainable Luxury Champions
“Are there any luxury brands in any industry which you think are good examples of sustainable luxury? If so, which companies?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantOver the course of our tracker so far, a handful of luxury brands have consistently stood out to wealthy individuals as sustainable luxury operators. The likes of Louis Vuitton, Stella McCartney, Gucci and Tesla garner a high share of the response each quarter, with these brands also being among the most cited in Q3. Meanwhile, many wealthy individuals do not state any specific sustainable brands or, even worse, actively mistrust some green claims, something which brands continue to have to work on resolving.
FOCUS ON FINANCE
Global Financial System Stability
“How stable do you feel the global financial system currently is?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantA variety of recent events have had a major impact upon consumer confidence in the global financial system. Covid-19, Brexit, the climate crisis, international conflicts and inflation have all had an influence, with many investors seeing their stocks fall as a result of greater financial uncertainties. From 37% pre-pandemic, the share of respondents who felt that the financial system was either very or somewhat stable plummeted to just 20% in Q2 2020.
While the following 18 months saw some recovery, perceived stability has fluctuated in recent quarters, with the result falling back to 20% in Q3. Concurrently, the share of those who think that the financial system is very or somewhat unstable remains high at 62% (with 18% deeming it very unstable). Only 16% now hold a neutral/uncertain position.
Stock Market Knowledge
“How knowledgeable do you think you are about topics related to the stock market?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantSelf-claimed stock market knowledge has historically shown little quarterly variation in the tracker, hovering around the 75-80% mark. In Q3 this remained flat, with 76% of respondents saying that they are either very or somewhat knowledgeable, albeit with only 21% falling into the top box. Women and Europeans continue to be the least likely groups to state that they are knowledgeable as per this quarter’s data. 20% feel that they have very little stock market knowledge, while only 4% say they have no knowledge at all. Women remain much more likely than men to profess having little or no comprehension of the stock market (34% vs 16%).
Regional Stock Market Confidence
“How do you think the stock markets in your region will perform during the next 12 months when compared to the past 12 months?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantFrom a low point of 33% in Q2 2020, stock market confidence recovered steadily across 2021 and neared 50% at the end of the year as a more bullish stance returned. However, this fell away again and dropped as low as 30% in Q2 2022, before recovering in an uneven manner since. Two in five (38%) expect an improvement in performance in the next 12 months, but with just 3% expecting their stocks to perform much better. One-third (34%) think that their stock performance will remain about the same while 28% expect a downturn.
INVESTMENT PLAN
“Within the next 90 days, do you expect to make significant changes to your investment portfolio?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 5,802 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantPreviously hovering around 30%, the share of wealthy individuals expecting to make significant changes to their portfolios fell back to just 22% in Q4 2023, the lowest point for this metric since this question was introduced two years’ prior. Q1 2024 saw a small recovery in this figure to 25%, where it remains as of Q3. Meanwhile, 59% expect to keep their investments unchanged, while only 16% were unsure of their plans. The outcome of notable general elections in the UK, US and France in June-November 2024 may see this figure change in the coming quarters.
“Do you plan to change how much you dedicate towards charitable donations and/or sustainable investments over the next year?”
One in five (19%) say that they will be making more charitable donations in the year ahead, a broadly flat figure against the previous two quarters since this question was introduced to the study. More than two thirds (71%) expect to donate about the same, while only 10% anticipate cutting back. A similar pattern emerges for sustainable investments, with 29% expecting to increase these, 62% planning to maintain them and only 9% cutting back.
Investing in Cryptocurrencies and NFTs
“Please select one of the following options in relation to your interest in virtual cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum.”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantCryptocurrency continues to attract a high level of media interest amid ongoing controversies. As a result of this high profile, only 10% of the global affluent are now entirely unfamiliar with them. Following a significant drop in 2022, Bitcoin values saw a strong recovery in 2023 and reached a new all-time high in Q1 2024. However, last year’s drop in value saw an increasing share of wealthy investors cashing out of crypto. Q2 2023 saw the share of long-term investors fall from 29% to 20%, although this bounced back a little in the last two quarters of the year.
As of the past three quarters, only one quarter invest in them with a long-term view. Americans, under-40s and men remain the most likely long-termers, with around 30% of each doing so. The share of short-term investors also fell back from early 2023, stabilising around one in five since (11% in Q3). Bitcoin remains the most popular currency by some distance. While some investors only do so for single coins, typically Bitcoin, many also dabble in others such as Ethereum.
Despite last year’s rise in value, the continued unpredictability and volatility of crypto appears to have hardened the opposition among non-investors. From 29% in Q1 2022, the share of current non-investors but who might be interested in doing so fell back steadily last year, remaining at around one in five since (23% in Q3). Another 31% now say that they do not currently invest in crypto and do not think they will do so in the future.
“Please select one of the following options in relation to NFTs.”
New Question. Total Unfiltered Base: 5,802 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantNFTs remain a relatively niche concept despite the hype of recent years. Their widespread coverage and adoption by some brands mean that only 17% are now entirely unfamiliar with them. However, still only one in ten (12%) say that they have previously purchased NFTs as of Q2, rising to 23% of under-40s.
Values of many of the leading NFTs such as those of the Bored Ape Yacht Club are significantly down vs their peak, with few signs of recovery at the time of writing. Nevertheless, luxury brands continue to launch NFTs, albeit at a slower rate than before, a notable example from last year being Louis Vuitton’s ‘Treasure Trunks’ which cost $41,700.
As with crypto investment, there has been a clear rise in negative sentiment among non-investors. Only 24% of current non-buyers are now interested in buying them, while the share of those who have not purchased NFTs and are not intending to do so is still comfortably higher than in 2022 at 47%. The latter figure is flat against the previous quarter and marks a joint high point since we started tracking this question in Q4 2021.
FOCUS ON TRAVEL
Luxury Travel Experiences
“Which of the following have you done while on holiday within the past year?”
[Note, this question has been changed from a three-year time period, to one-year, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic]
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantLuxury remains important right from the start of our respondents’ holidays, including at the airport: 56% shopped in a duty-free store, the highest point since this code was introduced in Q4 2021. Meanwhile, 48% used a VIP waiting lounge and 47% travelled by business/first-class within the past year. 5* or more hotels remain highly popular, used by 59%, while 39% stayed in a suite/penthouse room and 25% rented a beachfront villa. Fine dining (63%) and room services/concierges (44%) also appeal to many affluent travellers and are slightly up vs the previous quarter.
Spas were used by more than half (54%) within the past 12 months, with under-40s remaining the most likely users (67%). Wellness tourism continues to flourish as more luxury hotels acknowledge the appeal of relaxation facilities, especially in the wake of Covid. Indeed, 22% say that they had been to a wellness retreat over the past year.
Many wealthy individuals are also extending a business trip for a holiday (workations/’bleisure’). One in five (23%) say that they have done this over the past year, rising to 31% of under-40s. One in five have also had a private transport experience (22%) such as a helicopter ride or used a private chauffeur (23%) within the past year. Americans are the most likely to have treated themselves on their luxury holidays in most of these listed activities, with very little overall change vs Q2.
Two new codes have been introduced in Q3 to account for increasingly visible travel trends: taking amedium/long distance luxury train trip(such as the Orient Express) and attending a sporting event. One in ten (11%) said that they had taken one of these train trips within the past year, whileone thirdhadattended sporting eventson holiday, the latter rising to almost half of Americans
Holiday Purchase Intentions
“Which of the following types of holiday are you likely to take within the next year?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 11,800 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/Altiant[Note: in Q4 2021 this question was from a three-year time period to one-year]
Travel has rebounded strongly over the past two years, with very few remaining Covid-related restrictions in place. While many individuals continue to favour domestic trips, or going to countries closer to home, international holidays are broadly back on the rise (see Section 1). Different holiday types see wide variance in popularity across the regions, but all types saw a downturn in interest since the outbreak of Covid-19.
City breaks in Europe and the US were hit particularly badly, a likely reflection of travellers’ ongoing concerns about being in overcrowded places where their exposure to Coronavirus may be elevated. City breaks, sightseeing/tourist holidays and family holidays are now back at pre-Covid levels, albeit many are now looking for hidden gems and lesser-known destinations off the beaten track.
Overall, city breaks are the most popular type of holiday globally (67%), rising to 71% among under-40s and 78% among Asians. This is closely followed by beaches (63%), family trips (63%) and sightseeing/tourist breaks (61%).Multi-generational trips remain popular along with rural/countryside holidays such as glamping (33%), reflecting many wealthy travellers’ ongoing desire for privacy. Wellness retreats are also likely to retain their popularity as the wealthy look to improve their physical and mental health: 27% plan to visit these within the next year.
Post Covid Luxury Travel
“Thinking about how your travel intentions are likely to change against pre-Covid years, are you likely to take more, fewer or about the same number of holidays to the following places?”
Total Unfiltered Base: 5,802 global affluent/HNWIs | Source: LuxuryOpinions®/AltiantNew travel considerations such as spontaneous Covid outbreaks mean that some wealthy travellers may remain watchful about planning their holidays, both in terms of frequency and location. A third (32%) say that they are likely to book more holidays within their own country in the coming years, with only 6% expecting to cut back and the remaining 62% taking about the same number of domestic trips. These results are broadly in line with the previous quarter.
Shorter-haul flights may remain desirable in the immediate future as some travellers still look to minimise their time on-board where possible, or to avoid air travel disruption. For airlines, the challenge remains continually restoring confidence so that travellers feel comfortable about spending longer periods on planes. Just over one-quarter say that they expect to take more short- and medium-haul flights in the coming years, with only one-in-ten cutting back. While one quarter (27%) also expect to take more long-haul flights, 23% plan to cut back on these.
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